mmdetection/mmdet/models/dense_heads/tood_head.py

# Copyright (c) OpenMMLab. All rights reserved.
from typing import List, Optional, Tuple

import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.nn.functional as F
from mmcv.cnn import ConvModule, Scale
from mmcv.ops import deform_conv2d
from mmengine import MessageHub
from mmengine.config import ConfigDict
from mmengine.model import bias_init_with_prob, normal_init
from mmengine.structures import InstanceData
from torch import Tensor

from mmdet.registry import MODELS, TASK_UTILS
from mmdet.structures.bbox import distance2bbox
from mmdet.utils import (ConfigType, InstanceList, OptConfigType,
                         OptInstanceList, reduce_mean)
from ..task_modules.prior_generators import anchor_inside_flags
from ..utils import (filter_scores_and_topk, images_to_levels, multi_apply,
                     sigmoid_geometric_mean, unmap)
from .atss_head import ATSSHead


class TaskDecomposition(nn.Module):
    """Task decomposition module in task-aligned predictor of TOOD.

    Args:
        feat_channels (int): Number of feature channels in TOOD head.
        stacked_convs (int): Number of conv layers in TOOD head.
        la_down_rate (int): Downsample rate of layer attention.
            Defaults to 8.
        conv_cfg (:obj:`ConfigDict` or dict, optional): Config dict for
            convolution layer. Defaults to None.
        norm_cfg (:obj:`ConfigDict` or dict, optional):  Config dict for
        normalization layer. Defaults to None.
    """

    def __init__(self,
                 feat_channels: int,
                 stacked_convs: int,
                 la_down_rate: int = 8,
                 conv_cfg: OptConfigType = None,
                 norm_cfg: OptConfigType = None) -> None:
        super().__init__()
        self.feat_channels = feat_channels
        self.stacked_convs = stacked_convs
        self.in_channels = self.feat_channels * self.stacked_convs
        self.norm_cfg = norm_cfg
        self.layer_attention = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(self.in_channels, self.in_channels // la_down_rate, 1),
            nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(
                self.in_channels // la_down_rate,
                self.stacked_convs,
                1,
                padding=0), nn.Sigmoid())

        self.reduction_conv = ConvModule(
            self.in_channels,
            self.feat_channels,
            1,
            stride=1,
            padding=0,
            conv_cfg=conv_cfg,
            norm_cfg=norm_cfg,
            bias=norm_cfg is None)

    def init_weights(self) -> None:
        """Initialize the parameters."""
        for m in self.layer_attention.modules():
            if isinstance(m, nn.Conv2d):
                normal_init(m, std=0.001)
        normal_init(self.reduction_conv.conv, std=0.01)

    def forward(self,
                feat: Tensor,
                avg_feat: Optional[Tensor] = None) -> Tensor:
        """Forward function of task decomposition module."""
        b, c, h, w = feat.shape
        if avg_feat is None:
            avg_feat = F.adaptive_avg_pool2d(feat, (1, 1))
        weight = self.layer_attention(avg_feat)

        # here we first compute the product between layer attention weight and
        # conv weight, and then compute the convolution between new conv weight
        # and feature map, in order to save memory and FLOPs.
        conv_weight = weight.reshape(
            b, 1, self.stacked_convs,
            1) * self.reduction_conv.conv.weight.reshape(
                1, self.feat_channels, self.stacked_convs, self.feat_channels)
        conv_weight = conv_weight.reshape(b, self.feat_channels,
                                          self.in_channels)
        feat = feat.reshape(b, self.in_channels, h * w)
        feat = torch.bmm(conv_weight, feat).reshape(b, self.feat_channels, h,
                                                    w)
        if self.norm_cfg is not None:
            feat = self.reduction_conv.norm(feat)
        feat = self.reduction_conv.activate(feat)

        return feat


@MODELS.register_module()
class TOODHead(ATSSHead):
    """TOODHead used in `TOOD: Task-aligned One-stage Object Detection.

    <https://arxiv.org/abs/2108.07755>`_.

    TOOD uses Task-aligned head (T-head) and is optimized by Task Alignment
    Learning (TAL).

    Args:
        num_classes (int): Number of categories excluding the background
            category.
        in_channels (int): Number of channels in the input feature map.
        num_dcn (int): Number of deformable convolution in the head.
            Defaults to 0.
        anchor_type (str): If set to ``anchor_free``, the head will use centers
            to regress bboxes. If set to ``anchor_based``, the head will
            regress bboxes based on anchors. Defaults to ``anchor_free``.
        initial_loss_cls (:obj:`ConfigDict` or dict): Config of initial loss.

    Example:
        >>> self = TOODHead(11, 7)
        >>> feats = [torch.rand(1, 7, s, s) for s in [4, 8, 16, 32, 64]]
        >>> cls_score, bbox_pred = self.forward(feats)
        >>> assert len(cls_score) == len(self.scales)
    """

    def __init__(self,
                 num_classes: int,
                 in_channels: int,
                 num_dcn: int = 0,
                 anchor_type: str = 'anchor_free',
                 initial_loss_cls: ConfigType = dict(
                     type='FocalLoss',
                     use_sigmoid=True,
                     activated=True,
                     gamma=2.0,
                     alpha=0.25,
                     loss_weight=1.0),
                 **kwargs) -> None:
        assert anchor_type in ['anchor_free', 'anchor_based']
        self.num_dcn = num_dcn
        self.anchor_type = anchor_type
        super().__init__(
            num_classes=num_classes, in_channels=in_channels, **kwargs)

        if self.train_cfg:
            self.initial_epoch = self.train_cfg['initial_epoch']
            self.initial_assigner = TASK_UTILS.build(
                self.train_cfg['initial_assigner'])
            self.initial_loss_cls = MODELS.build(initial_loss_cls)
            self.assigner = self.initial_assigner
            self.alignment_assigner = TASK_UTILS.build(
                self.train_cfg['assigner'])
            self.alpha = self.train_cfg['alpha']
            self.beta = self.train_cfg['beta']

    def _init_layers(self) -> None:
        """Initialize layers of the head."""
        self.relu = nn.ReLU(inplace=True)
        self.inter_convs = nn.ModuleList()
        for i in range(self.stacked_convs):
            if i < self.num_dcn:
                conv_cfg = dict(type='DCNv2', deform_groups=4)
            else:
                conv_cfg = self.conv_cfg
            chn = self.in_channels if i == 0 else self.feat_channels
            self.inter_convs.append(
                ConvModule(
                    chn,
                    self.feat_channels,
                    3,
                    stride=1,
                    padding=1,
                    conv_cfg=conv_cfg,
                    norm_cfg=self.norm_cfg))

        self.cls_decomp = TaskDecomposition(self.feat_channels,
                                            self.stacked_convs,
                                            self.stacked_convs * 8,
                                            self.conv_cfg, self.norm_cfg)
        self.reg_decomp = TaskDecomposition(self.feat_channels,
                                            self.stacked_convs,
                                            self.stacked_convs * 8,
                                            self.conv_cfg, self.norm_cfg)

        self.tood_cls = nn.Conv2d(
            self.feat_channels,
            self.num_base_priors * self.cls_out_channels,
            3,
            padding=1)
        self.tood_reg = nn.Conv2d(
            self.feat_channels, self.num_base_priors * 4, 3, padding=1)

        self.cls_prob_module = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(self.feat_channels * self.stacked_convs,
                      self.feat_channels // 4, 1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(self.feat_channels // 4, 1, 3, padding=1))
        self.reg_offset_module = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Conv2d(self.feat_channels * self.stacked_convs,
                      self.feat_channels // 4, 1), nn.ReLU(inplace=True),
            nn.Conv2d(self.feat_channels // 4, 4 * 2, 3, padding=1))

        self.scales = nn.ModuleList(
            [Scale(1.0) for _ in self.prior_generator.strides])

    def init_weights(self) -> None:
        """Initialize weights of the head."""
        bias_cls = bias_init_with_prob(0.01)
        for m in self.inter_convs:
            normal_init(m.conv, std=0.01)
        for m in self.cls_prob_module:
            if isinstance(m, nn.Conv2d):
                normal_init(m, std=0.01)
        for m in self.reg_offset_module:
            if isinstance(m, nn.Conv2d):
                normal_init(m, std=0.001)
        normal_init(self.cls_prob_module[-1], std=0.01, bias=bias_cls)

        self.cls_decomp.init_weights()
        self.reg_decomp.init_weights()

        normal_init(self.tood_cls, std=0.01, bias=bias_cls)
        normal_init(self.tood_reg, std=0.01)

    def forward(self, feats: Tuple[Tensor]) -> Tuple[List[Tensor]]:
        """Forward features from the upstream network.

        Args:
            feats (tuple[Tensor]): Features from the upstream network, each is
                a 4D-tensor.

        Returns:
            tuple: Usually a tuple of classification scores and bbox prediction
                cls_scores (list[Tensor]): Classification scores for all scale
                    levels, each is a 4D-tensor, the channels number is
                    num_anchors * num_classes.
                bbox_preds (list[Tensor]): Decoded box for all scale levels,
                    each is a 4D-tensor, the channels number is
                    num_anchors * 4. In [tl_x, tl_y, br_x, br_y] format.
        """
        cls_scores = []
        bbox_preds = []
        for idx, (x, scale, stride) in enumerate(
                zip(feats, self.scales, self.prior_generator.strides)):
            b, c, h, w = x.shape
            anchor = self.prior_generator.single_level_grid_priors(
                (h, w), idx, device=x.device)
            anchor = torch.cat([anchor for _ in range(b)])
            # extract task interactive features
            inter_feats = []
            for inter_conv in self.inter_convs:
                x = inter_conv(x)
                inter_feats.append(x)
            feat = torch.cat(inter_feats, 1)

            # task decomposition
            avg_feat = F.adaptive_avg_pool2d(feat, (1, 1))
            cls_feat = self.cls_decomp(feat, avg_feat)
            reg_feat = self.reg_decomp(feat, avg_feat)

            # cls prediction and alignment
            cls_logits = self.tood_cls(cls_feat)
            cls_prob = self.cls_prob_module(feat)
            cls_score = sigmoid_geometric_mean(cls_logits, cls_prob)

            # reg prediction and alignment
            if self.anchor_type == 'anchor_free':
                reg_dist = scale(self.tood_reg(reg_feat).exp()).float()
                reg_dist = reg_dist.permute(0, 2, 3, 1).reshape(-1, 4)
                reg_bbox = distance2bbox(
                    self.anchor_center(anchor) / stride[0],
                    reg_dist).reshape(b, h, w, 4).permute(0, 3, 1,
                                                          2)  # (b, c, h, w)
            elif self.anchor_type == 'anchor_based':
                reg_dist = scale(self.tood_reg(reg_feat)).float()
                reg_dist = reg_dist.permute(0, 2, 3, 1).reshape(-1, 4)
                reg_bbox = self.bbox_coder.decode(anchor, reg_dist).reshape(
                    b, h, w, 4).permute(0, 3, 1, 2) / stride[0]
            else:
                raise NotImplementedError(
                    f'Unknown anchor type: {self.anchor_type}.'
                    f'Please use `anchor_free` or `anchor_based`.')
            reg_offset = self.reg_offset_module(feat)
            bbox_pred = self.deform_sampling(reg_bbox.contiguous(),
                                             reg_offset.contiguous())

            # After deform_sampling, some boxes will become invalid (The
            # left-top point is at the right or bottom of the right-bottom
            # point), which will make the GIoULoss negative.
            invalid_bbox_idx = (bbox_pred[:, [0]] > bbox_pred[:, [2]]) | \
                               (bbox_pred[:, [1]] > bbox_pred[:, [3]])
            invalid_bbox_idx = invalid_bbox_idx.expand_as(bbox_pred)
            bbox_pred = torch.where(invalid_bbox_idx, reg_bbox, bbox_pred)

            cls_scores.append(cls_score)
            bbox_preds.append(bbox_pred)
        return tuple(cls_scores), tuple(bbox_preds)

    def deform_sampling(self, feat: Tensor, offset: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        """Sampling the feature x according to offset.

        Args:
            feat (Tensor): Feature
            offset (Tensor): Spatial offset for feature sampling
        """
        # it is an equivalent implementation of bilinear interpolation
        b, c, h, w = feat.shape
        weight = feat.new_ones(c, 1, 1, 1)
        y = deform_conv2d(feat, offset, weight, 1, 0, 1, c, c)
        return y

    def anchor_center(self, anchors: Tensor) -> Tensor:
        """Get anchor centers from anchors.

        Args:
            anchors (Tensor): Anchor list with shape (N, 4), "xyxy" format.

        Returns:
            Tensor: Anchor centers with shape (N, 2), "xy" format.
        """
        anchors_cx = (anchors[:, 2] + anchors[:, 0]) / 2
        anchors_cy = (anchors[:, 3] + anchors[:, 1]) / 2
        return torch.stack([anchors_cx, anchors_cy], dim=-1)

    def loss_by_feat_single(self, anchors: Tensor, cls_score: Tensor,
                            bbox_pred: Tensor, labels: Tensor,
                            label_weights: Tensor, bbox_targets: Tensor,
                            alignment_metrics: Tensor,
                            stride: Tuple[int, int]) -> dict:
        """Calculate the loss of a single scale level based on the features
        extracted by the detection head.

        Args:
            anchors (Tensor): Box reference for each scale level with shape
                (N, num_total_anchors, 4).
            cls_score (Tensor): Box scores for each scale level
                Has shape (N, num_anchors * num_classes, H, W).
            bbox_pred (Tensor): Decoded bboxes for each scale
                level with shape (N, num_anchors * 4, H, W).
            labels (Tensor): Labels of each anchors with shape
                (N, num_total_anchors).
            label_weights (Tensor): Label weights of each anchor with shape
                (N, num_total_anchors).
            bbox_targets (Tensor): BBox regression targets of each anchor with
                shape (N, num_total_anchors, 4).
            alignment_metrics (Tensor): Alignment metrics with shape
                (N, num_total_anchors).
            stride (Tuple[int, int]): Downsample stride of the feature map.

        Returns:
            dict[str, Tensor]: A dictionary of loss components.
        """
        assert stride[0] == stride[1], 'h stride is not equal to w stride!'
        anchors = anchors.reshape(-1, 4)
        cls_score = cls_score.permute(0, 2, 3, 1).reshape(
            -1, self.cls_out_channels).contiguous()
        bbox_pred = bbox_pred.permute(0, 2, 3, 1).reshape(-1, 4)
        bbox_targets = bbox_targets.reshape(-1, 4)
        labels = labels.reshape(-1)
        alignment_metrics = alignment_metrics.reshape(-1)
        label_weights = label_weights.reshape(-1)
        targets = labels if self.epoch < self.initial_epoch else (
            labels, alignment_metrics)
        cls_loss_func = self.initial_loss_cls \
            if self.epoch < self.initial_epoch else self.loss_cls

        loss_cls = cls_loss_func(
            cls_score, targets, label_weights, avg_factor=1.0)

        # FG cat_id: [0, num_classes -1], BG cat_id: num_classes
        bg_class_ind = self.num_classes
        pos_inds = ((labels >= 0)
                    & (labels < bg_class_ind)).nonzero().squeeze(1)

        if len(pos_inds) > 0:
            pos_bbox_targets = bbox_targets[pos_inds]
            pos_bbox_pred = bbox_pred[pos_inds]
            pos_anchors = anchors[pos_inds]

            pos_decode_bbox_pred = pos_bbox_pred
            pos_decode_bbox_targets = pos_bbox_targets / stride[0]

            # regression loss
            pos_bbox_weight = self.centerness_target(
                pos_anchors, pos_bbox_targets
            ) if self.epoch < self.initial_epoch else alignment_metrics[
                pos_inds]

            loss_bbox = self.loss_bbox(
                pos_decode_bbox_pred,
                pos_decode_bbox_targets,
                weight=pos_bbox_weight,
                avg_factor=1.0)
        else:
            loss_bbox = bbox_pred.sum() * 0
            pos_bbox_weight = bbox_targets.new_tensor(0.)

        return loss_cls, loss_bbox, alignment_metrics.sum(
        ), pos_bbox_weight.sum()

    def loss_by_feat(
            self,
            cls_scores: List[Tensor],
            bbox_preds: List[Tensor],
            batch_gt_instances: InstanceList,
            batch_img_metas: List[dict],
            batch_gt_instances_ignore: OptInstanceList = None) -> dict:
        """Calculate the loss based on the features extracted by the detection
        head.

        Args:
            cls_scores (list[Tensor]): Box scores for each scale level
                Has shape (N, num_anchors * num_classes, H, W)
            bbox_preds (list[Tensor]): Decoded box for each scale
                level with shape (N, num_anchors * 4, H, W) in
                [tl_x, tl_y, br_x, br_y] format.
            batch_gt_instances (list[:obj:`InstanceData`]): Batch of
                gt_instance.  It usually includes ``bboxes`` and ``labels``
                attributes.
            batch_img_metas (list[dict]): Meta information of each image, e.g.,
                image size, scaling factor, etc.
            batch_gt_instances_ignore (list[:obj:`InstanceData`], Optional):
                Batch of gt_instances_ignore. It includes ``bboxes`` attribute
                data that is ignored during training and testing.
                Defaults to None.

        Returns:
            dict[str, Tensor]: A dictionary of loss components.
        """
        num_imgs = len(batch_img_metas)
        featmap_sizes = [featmap.size()[-2:] for featmap in cls_scores]
        assert len(featmap_sizes) == self.prior_generator.num_levels

        device = cls_scores[0].device
        anchor_list, valid_flag_list = self.get_anchors(
            featmap_sizes, batch_img_metas, device=device)

        flatten_cls_scores = torch.cat([
            cls_score.permute(0, 2, 3, 1).reshape(num_imgs, -1,
                                                  self.cls_out_channels)
            for cls_score in cls_scores
        ], 1)
        flatten_bbox_preds = torch.cat([
            bbox_pred.permute(0, 2, 3, 1).reshape(num_imgs, -1, 4) * stride[0]
            for bbox_pred, stride in zip(bbox_preds,
                                         self.prior_generator.strides)
        ], 1)

        cls_reg_targets = self.get_targets(
            flatten_cls_scores,
            flatten_bbox_preds,
            anchor_list,
            valid_flag_list,
            batch_gt_instances,
            batch_img_metas,
            batch_gt_instances_ignore=batch_gt_instances_ignore)
        (anchor_list, labels_list, label_weights_list, bbox_targets_list,
         alignment_metrics_list) = cls_reg_targets

        losses_cls, losses_bbox, \
            cls_avg_factors, bbox_avg_factors = multi_apply(
                self.loss_by_feat_single,
                anchor_list,
                cls_scores,
                bbox_preds,
                labels_list,
                label_weights_list,
                bbox_targets_list,
                alignment_metrics_list,
                self.prior_generator.strides)

        cls_avg_factor = reduce_mean(sum(cls_avg_factors)).clamp_(min=1).item()
        losses_cls = list(map(lambda x: x / cls_avg_factor, losses_cls))

        bbox_avg_factor = reduce_mean(
            sum(bbox_avg_factors)).clamp_(min=1).item()
        losses_bbox = list(map(lambda x: x / bbox_avg_factor, losses_bbox))
        return dict(loss_cls=losses_cls, loss_bbox=losses_bbox)

    def _predict_by_feat_single(self,
                                cls_score_list: List[Tensor],
                                bbox_pred_list: List[Tensor],
                                score_factor_list: List[Tensor],
                                mlvl_priors: List[Tensor],
                                img_meta: dict,
                                cfg: Optional[ConfigDict] = None,
                                rescale: bool = False,
                                with_nms: bool = True) -> InstanceData:
        """Transform a single image's features extracted from the head into
        bbox results.

        Args:
            cls_score_list (list[Tensor]): Box scores from all scale
                levels of a single image, each item has shape
                (num_priors * num_classes, H, W).
            bbox_pred_list (list[Tensor]): Box energies / deltas from
                all scale levels of a single image, each item has shape
                (num_priors * 4, H, W).
            score_factor_list (list[Tensor]): Score factor from all scale
                levels of a single image, each item has shape
                (num_priors * 1, H, W).
            mlvl_priors (list[Tensor]): Each element in the list is
                the priors of a single level in feature pyramid. In all
                anchor-based methods, it has shape (num_priors, 4). In
                all anchor-free methods, it has shape (num_priors, 2)
                when `with_stride=True`, otherwise it still has shape
                (num_priors, 4).
            img_meta (dict): Image meta info.
            cfg (:obj:`ConfigDict`, optional): Test / postprocessing
                configuration, if None, test_cfg would be used.
            rescale (bool): If True, return boxes in original image space.
                Defaults to False.
            with_nms (bool): If True, do nms before return boxes.
                Defaults to True.

        Returns:
            tuple[Tensor]: Results of detected bboxes and labels. If with_nms
                is False and mlvl_score_factor is None, return mlvl_bboxes and
                mlvl_scores, else return mlvl_bboxes, mlvl_scores and
                mlvl_score_factor. Usually with_nms is False is used for aug
                test. If with_nms is True, then return the following format

                - det_bboxes (Tensor): Predicted bboxes with shape \
                    [num_bboxes, 5], where the first 4 columns are bounding \
                    box positions (tl_x, tl_y, br_x, br_y) and the 5-th \
                    column are scores between 0 and 1.
                - det_labels (Tensor): Predicted labels of the corresponding \
                    box with shape [num_bboxes].
        """

        cfg = self.test_cfg if cfg is None else cfg
        nms_pre = cfg.get('nms_pre', -1)

        mlvl_bboxes = []
        mlvl_scores = []
        mlvl_labels = []
        for cls_score, bbox_pred, priors, stride in zip(
                cls_score_list, bbox_pred_list, mlvl_priors,
                self.prior_generator.strides):
            assert cls_score.size()[-2:] == bbox_pred.size()[-2:]

            bbox_pred = bbox_pred.permute(1, 2, 0).reshape(-1, 4) * stride[0]
            scores = cls_score.permute(1, 2,
                                       0).reshape(-1, self.cls_out_channels)

            # After https://github.com/open-mmlab/mmdetection/pull/6268/,
            # this operation keeps fewer bboxes under the same `nms_pre`.
            # There is no difference in performance for most models. If you
            # find a slight drop in performance, you can set a larger
            # `nms_pre` than before.
            results = filter_scores_and_topk(
                scores, cfg.score_thr, nms_pre,
                dict(bbox_pred=bbox_pred, priors=priors))
            scores, labels, keep_idxs, filtered_results = results

            bboxes = filtered_results['bbox_pred']

            mlvl_bboxes.append(bboxes)
            mlvl_scores.append(scores)
            mlvl_labels.append(labels)

        results = InstanceData()
        results.bboxes = torch.cat(mlvl_bboxes)
        results.scores = torch.cat(mlvl_scores)
        results.labels = torch.cat(mlvl_labels)

        return self._bbox_post_process(
            results=results,
            cfg=cfg,
            rescale=rescale,
            with_nms=with_nms,
            img_meta=img_meta)

    def get_targets(self,
                    cls_scores: List[List[Tensor]],
                    bbox_preds: List[List[Tensor]],
                    anchor_list: List[List[Tensor]],
                    valid_flag_list: List[List[Tensor]],
                    batch_gt_instances: InstanceList,
                    batch_img_metas: List[dict],
                    batch_gt_instances_ignore: OptInstanceList = None,
                    unmap_outputs: bool = True) -> tuple:
        """Compute regression and classification targets for anchors in
        multiple images.

        Args:
            cls_scores (list[list[Tensor]]): Classification predictions of
                images, a 3D-Tensor with shape [num_imgs, num_priors,
                num_classes].
            bbox_preds (list[list[Tensor]]): Decoded bboxes predictions of one
                image, a 3D-Tensor with shape [num_imgs, num_priors, 4] in
                [tl_x, tl_y, br_x, br_y] format.
            anchor_list (list[list[Tensor]]): Multi level anchors of each
                image. The outer list indicates images, and the inner list
                corresponds to feature levels of the image. Each element of
                the inner list is a tensor of shape (num_anchors, 4).
            valid_flag_list (list[list[Tensor]]): Multi level valid flags of
                each image. The outer list indicates images, and the inner list
                corresponds to feature levels of the image. Each element of
                the inner list is a tensor of shape (num_anchors, )
            batch_gt_instances (list[:obj:`InstanceData`]): Batch of
                gt_instance.  It usually includes ``bboxes`` and ``labels``
                attributes.
            batch_img_metas (list[dict]): Meta information of each image, e.g.,
                image size, scaling factor, etc.
            batch_gt_instances_ignore (list[:obj:`InstanceData`], Optional):
                Batch of gt_instances_ignore. It includes ``bboxes`` attribute
                data that is ignored during training and testing.
                Defaults to None.
            unmap_outputs (bool): Whether to map outputs back to the original
                set of anchors.

        Returns:
            tuple: a tuple containing learning targets.

                - anchors_list (list[list[Tensor]]): Anchors of each level.
                - labels_list (list[Tensor]): Labels of each level.
                - label_weights_list (list[Tensor]): Label weights of each
                  level.
                - bbox_targets_list (list[Tensor]): BBox targets of each level.
                - norm_alignment_metrics_list (list[Tensor]): Normalized
                  alignment metrics of each level.
        """
        num_imgs = len(batch_img_metas)
        assert len(anchor_list) == len(valid_flag_list) == num_imgs

        # anchor number of multi levels
        num_level_anchors = [anchors.size(0) for anchors in anchor_list[0]]
        num_level_anchors_list = [num_level_anchors] * num_imgs

        # concat all level anchors and flags to a single tensor
        for i in range(num_imgs):
            assert len(anchor_list[i]) == len(valid_flag_list[i])
            anchor_list[i] = torch.cat(anchor_list[i])
            valid_flag_list[i] = torch.cat(valid_flag_list[i])

        # compute targets for each image
        if batch_gt_instances_ignore is None:
            batch_gt_instances_ignore = [None] * num_imgs
        # anchor_list: list(b * [-1, 4])

        # get epoch information from message hub
        message_hub = MessageHub.get_current_instance()
        self.epoch = message_hub.get_info('epoch')

        if self.epoch < self.initial_epoch:
            (all_anchors, all_labels, all_label_weights, all_bbox_targets,
             all_bbox_weights, pos_inds_list, neg_inds_list,
             sampling_result) = multi_apply(
                 super()._get_targets_single,
                 anchor_list,
                 valid_flag_list,
                 num_level_anchors_list,
                 batch_gt_instances,
                 batch_img_metas,
                 batch_gt_instances_ignore,
                 unmap_outputs=unmap_outputs)
            all_assign_metrics = [
                weight[..., 0] for weight in all_bbox_weights
            ]
        else:
            (all_anchors, all_labels, all_label_weights, all_bbox_targets,
             all_assign_metrics) = multi_apply(
                 self._get_targets_single,
                 cls_scores,
                 bbox_preds,
                 anchor_list,
                 valid_flag_list,
                 batch_gt_instances,
                 batch_img_metas,
                 batch_gt_instances_ignore,
                 unmap_outputs=unmap_outputs)

        # split targets to a list w.r.t. multiple levels
        anchors_list = images_to_levels(all_anchors, num_level_anchors)
        labels_list = images_to_levels(all_labels, num_level_anchors)
        label_weights_list = images_to_levels(all_label_weights,
                                              num_level_anchors)
        bbox_targets_list = images_to_levels(all_bbox_targets,
                                             num_level_anchors)
        norm_alignment_metrics_list = images_to_levels(all_assign_metrics,
                                                       num_level_anchors)

        return (anchors_list, labels_list, label_weights_list,
                bbox_targets_list, norm_alignment_metrics_list)

    def _get_targets_single(self,
                            cls_scores: Tensor,
                            bbox_preds: Tensor,
                            flat_anchors: Tensor,
                            valid_flags: Tensor,
                            gt_instances: InstanceData,
                            img_meta: dict,
                            gt_instances_ignore: Optional[InstanceData] = None,
                            unmap_outputs: bool = True) -> tuple:
        """Compute regression, classification targets for anchors in a single
        image.

        Args:
            cls_scores (Tensor): Box scores for each image.
            bbox_preds (Tensor): Box energies / deltas for each image.
            flat_anchors (Tensor): Multi-level anchors of the image, which are
                concatenated into a single tensor of shape (num_anchors ,4)
            valid_flags (Tensor): Multi level valid flags of the image,
                which are concatenated into a single tensor of
                    shape (num_anchors,).
            gt_instances (:obj:`InstanceData`): Ground truth of instance
                annotations. It usually includes ``bboxes`` and ``labels``
                attributes.
            img_meta (dict): Meta information for current image.
            gt_instances_ignore (:obj:`InstanceData`, optional): Instances
                to be ignored during training. It includes ``bboxes`` attribute
                data that is ignored during training and testing.
                Defaults to None.
            unmap_outputs (bool): Whether to map outputs back to the original
                set of anchors.

        Returns:
            tuple: N is the number of total anchors in the image.
                anchors (Tensor): All anchors in the image with shape (N, 4).
                labels (Tensor): Labels of all anchors in the image with shape
                    (N,).
                label_weights (Tensor): Label weights of all anchor in the
                    image with shape (N,).
                bbox_targets (Tensor): BBox targets of all anchors in the
                    image with shape (N, 4).
                norm_alignment_metrics (Tensor): Normalized alignment metrics
                    of all priors in the image with shape (N,).
        """
        inside_flags = anchor_inside_flags(flat_anchors, valid_flags,
                                           img_meta['img_shape'][:2],
                                           self.train_cfg['allowed_border'])
        if not inside_flags.any():
            raise ValueError(
                'There is no valid anchor inside the image boundary. Please '
                'check the image size and anchor sizes, or set '
                '``allowed_border`` to -1 to skip the condition.')
        # assign gt and sample anchors
        anchors = flat_anchors[inside_flags, :]
        pred_instances = InstanceData(
            priors=anchors,
            scores=cls_scores[inside_flags, :],
            bboxes=bbox_preds[inside_flags, :])
        assign_result = self.alignment_assigner.assign(pred_instances,
                                                       gt_instances,
                                                       gt_instances_ignore,
                                                       self.alpha, self.beta)
        assign_ious = assign_result.max_overlaps
        assign_metrics = assign_result.assign_metrics

        sampling_result = self.sampler.sample(assign_result, pred_instances,
                                              gt_instances)

        num_valid_anchors = anchors.shape[0]
        bbox_targets = torch.zeros_like(anchors)
        labels = anchors.new_full((num_valid_anchors, ),
                                  self.num_classes,
                                  dtype=torch.long)
        label_weights = anchors.new_zeros(num_valid_anchors, dtype=torch.float)
        norm_alignment_metrics = anchors.new_zeros(
            num_valid_anchors, dtype=torch.float)

        pos_inds = sampling_result.pos_inds
        neg_inds = sampling_result.neg_inds
        if len(pos_inds) > 0:
            # point-based
            pos_bbox_targets = sampling_result.pos_gt_bboxes
            bbox_targets[pos_inds, :] = pos_bbox_targets

            labels[pos_inds] = sampling_result.pos_gt_labels
            if self.train_cfg['pos_weight'] <= 0:
                label_weights[pos_inds] = 1.0
            else:
                label_weights[pos_inds] = self.train_cfg['pos_weight']
        if len(neg_inds) > 0:
            label_weights[neg_inds] = 1.0

        class_assigned_gt_inds = torch.unique(
            sampling_result.pos_assigned_gt_inds)
        for gt_inds in class_assigned_gt_inds:
            gt_class_inds = pos_inds[sampling_result.pos_assigned_gt_inds ==
                                     gt_inds]
            pos_alignment_metrics = assign_metrics[gt_class_inds]
            pos_ious = assign_ious[gt_class_inds]
            pos_norm_alignment_metrics = pos_alignment_metrics / (
                pos_alignment_metrics.max() + 10e-8) * pos_ious.max()
            norm_alignment_metrics[gt_class_inds] = pos_norm_alignment_metrics

        # map up to original set of anchors
        if unmap_outputs:
            num_total_anchors = flat_anchors.size(0)
            anchors = unmap(anchors, num_total_anchors, inside_flags)
            labels = unmap(
                labels, num_total_anchors, inside_flags, fill=self.num_classes)
            label_weights = unmap(label_weights, num_total_anchors,
                                  inside_flags)
            bbox_targets = unmap(bbox_targets, num_total_anchors, inside_flags)
            norm_alignment_metrics = unmap(norm_alignment_metrics,
                                           num_total_anchors, inside_flags)
        return (anchors, labels, label_weights, bbox_targets,
                norm_alignment_metrics)