# 自定义模型

我们简单地把模型的各个组件分为五类：

- 主干网络 (backbone)：通常是一个用来提取特征图 (feature map) 的全卷积网络 (FCN network)，例如：ResNet, MobileNet。
- Neck：主干网络和 Head 之间的连接部分，例如：FPN, PAFPN。
- Head：用于具体任务的组件，例如：边界框预测和掩码预测。
- 区域提取器 (roi extractor)：从特征图中提取 RoI 特征，例如：RoI Align。
- 损失 (loss)：在 Head 组件中用于计算损失的部分，例如：FocalLoss, L1Loss, GHMLoss.

## 开发新的组件

### 添加一个新的主干网络

这里，我们以 MobileNet 为例来展示如何开发新组件。

#### 1. 定义一个新的主干网络（以 MobileNet 为例）

新建一个文件 `mmdet/models/backbones/mobilenet.py`

```python
import torch.nn as nn

from mmdet.registry import MODELS


@MODELS.register_module()
class MobileNet(nn.Module):

    def __init__(self, arg1, arg2):
        pass

    def forward(self, x):  # should return a tuple
        pass
```

#### 2. 导入该模块

你可以添加下述代码到 `mmdet/models/backbones/__init__.py`

```python
from .mobilenet import MobileNet
```

或添加：

```python
custom_imports = dict(
    imports=['mmdet.models.backbones.mobilenet'],
    allow_failed_imports=False)
```

到配置文件以避免原始代码被修改。

#### 3. 在你的配置文件中使用该主干网络

```python
model = dict(
    ...
    backbone=dict(
        type='MobileNet',
        arg1=xxx,
        arg2=xxx),
    ...
```

### 添加新的 Neck

#### 1. 定义一个 Neck（以 PAFPN 为例）

新建一个文件 `mmdet/models/necks/pafpn.py`

```python
import torch.nn as nn

from mmdet.registry import MODELS


@MODELS.register_module()
class PAFPN(nn.Module):

    def __init__(self,
                in_channels,
                out_channels,
                num_outs,
                start_level=0,
                end_level=-1,
                add_extra_convs=False):
        pass

    def forward(self, inputs):
        # implementation is ignored
        pass
```

#### 2. 导入该模块

你可以添加下述代码到 `mmdet/models/necks/__init__.py`

```python
from .pafpn import PAFPN
```

或添加：

```python
custom_imports = dict(
    imports=['mmdet.models.necks.pafpn'],
    allow_failed_imports=False)
```

到配置文件以避免原始代码被修改。

#### 3. 修改配置文件

```python
neck=dict(
    type='PAFPN',
    in_channels=[256, 512, 1024, 2048],
    out_channels=256,
    num_outs=5)
```

### 添加新的 Head

我们以 [Double Head R-CNN](https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.06493) 为例来展示如何添加一个新的 Head。

首先，添加一个新的 bbox head 到 `mmdet/models/roi_heads/bbox_heads/double_bbox_head.py`。
Double Head R-CNN 在目标检测上实现了一个新的 bbox head。为了实现 bbox head，我们需要使用如下的新模块中三个函数。

```python
from typing import Tuple

import torch.nn as nn
from mmcv.cnn import ConvModule
from mmengine.model import BaseModule, ModuleList
from torch import Tensor

from mmdet.models.backbones.resnet import Bottleneck
from mmdet.registry import MODELS
from mmdet.utils import ConfigType, MultiConfig, OptConfigType, OptMultiConfig
from .bbox_head import BBoxHead


@MODELS.register_module()
class DoubleConvFCBBoxHead(BBoxHead):
    r"""Bbox head used in Double-Head R-CNN

    .. code-block:: none

                                          /-> cls
                      /-> shared convs ->
                                          \-> reg
        roi features
                                          /-> cls
                      \-> shared fc    ->
                                          \-> reg
    """  # noqa: W605

    def __init__(self,
                 num_convs: int = 0,
                 num_fcs: int = 0,
                 conv_out_channels: int = 1024,
                 fc_out_channels: int = 1024,
                 conv_cfg: OptConfigType = None,
                 norm_cfg: ConfigType = dict(type='BN'),
                 init_cfg: MultiConfig = dict(
                     type='Normal',
                     override=[
                         dict(type='Normal', name='fc_cls', std=0.01),
                         dict(type='Normal', name='fc_reg', std=0.001),
                         dict(
                             type='Xavier',
                             name='fc_branch',
                             distribution='uniform')
                     ]),
                 **kwargs) -> None:
        kwargs.setdefault('with_avg_pool', True)
        super().__init__(init_cfg=init_cfg, **kwargs)

    def forward(self, x_cls: Tensor, x_reg: Tensor) -> Tuple[Tensor]:

```

然后，如有必要，实现一个新的 bbox head。我们打算从 `StandardRoIHead` 来继承新的 `DoubleHeadRoIHead`。我们可以发现 `StandardRoIHead` 已经实现了下述函数。

```python
from typing import List, Optional, Tuple

import torch
from torch import Tensor

from mmdet.registry import MODELS, TASK_UTILS
from mmdet.structures import DetDataSample
from mmdet.structures.bbox import bbox2roi
from mmdet.utils import ConfigType, InstanceList
from ..task_modules.samplers import SamplingResult
from ..utils import empty_instances, unpack_gt_instances
from .base_roi_head import BaseRoIHead


@MODELS.register_module()
class StandardRoIHead(BaseRoIHead):
    """Simplest base roi head including one bbox head and one mask head."""

    def init_assigner_sampler(self) -> None:

    def init_bbox_head(self, bbox_roi_extractor: ConfigType,
                       bbox_head: ConfigType) -> None:

    def init_mask_head(self, mask_roi_extractor: ConfigType,
                       mask_head: ConfigType) -> None:

    def forward(self, x: Tuple[Tensor],
                rpn_results_list: InstanceList) -> tuple:

    def loss(self, x: Tuple[Tensor], rpn_results_list: InstanceList,
             batch_data_samples: List[DetDataSample]) -> dict:

    def _bbox_forward(self, x: Tuple[Tensor], rois: Tensor) -> dict:

    def bbox_loss(self, x: Tuple[Tensor],
                  sampling_results: List[SamplingResult]) -> dict:

    def mask_loss(self, x: Tuple[Tensor],
                  sampling_results: List[SamplingResult], bbox_feats: Tensor,
                  batch_gt_instances: InstanceList) -> dict:

    def _mask_forward(self,
                      x: Tuple[Tensor],
                      rois: Tensor = None,
                      pos_inds: Optional[Tensor] = None,
                      bbox_feats: Optional[Tensor] = None) -> dict:

    def predict_bbox(self,
                     x: Tuple[Tensor],
                     batch_img_metas: List[dict],
                     rpn_results_list: InstanceList,
                     rcnn_test_cfg: ConfigType,
                     rescale: bool = False) -> InstanceList:

    def predict_mask(self,
                     x: Tuple[Tensor],
                     batch_img_metas: List[dict],
                     results_list: InstanceList,
                     rescale: bool = False) -> InstanceList:

```

Double Head 的修改主要在 bbox_forward 的逻辑中，且它从 `StandardRoIHead` 中继承了其他逻辑。在 `mmdet/models/roi_heads/double_roi_head.py` 中，我们用下述代码实现新的 bbox head：

```python
from typing import Tuple

from torch import Tensor

from mmdet.registry import MODELS
from .standard_roi_head import StandardRoIHead


@MODELS.register_module()
class DoubleHeadRoIHead(StandardRoIHead):
    """RoI head for `Double Head RCNN <https://arxiv.org/abs/1904.06493>`_.

    Args:
        reg_roi_scale_factor (float): The scale factor to extend the rois
            used to extract the regression features.
    """

    def __init__(self, reg_roi_scale_factor: float, **kwargs):
        super().__init__(**kwargs)
        self.reg_roi_scale_factor = reg_roi_scale_factor

    def _bbox_forward(self, x: Tuple[Tensor], rois: Tensor) -> dict:
        """Box head forward function used in both training and testing.

        Args:
            x (tuple[Tensor]): List of multi-level img features.
            rois (Tensor): RoIs with the shape (n, 5) where the first
                column indicates batch id of each RoI.

        Returns:
             dict[str, Tensor]: Usually returns a dictionary with keys:

                - `cls_score` (Tensor): Classification scores.
                - `bbox_pred` (Tensor): Box energies / deltas.
                - `bbox_feats` (Tensor): Extract bbox RoI features.
        """
        bbox_cls_feats = self.bbox_roi_extractor(
            x[:self.bbox_roi_extractor.num_inputs], rois)
        bbox_reg_feats = self.bbox_roi_extractor(
            x[:self.bbox_roi_extractor.num_inputs],
            rois,
            roi_scale_factor=self.reg_roi_scale_factor)
        if self.with_shared_head:
            bbox_cls_feats = self.shared_head(bbox_cls_feats)
            bbox_reg_feats = self.shared_head(bbox_reg_feats)
        cls_score, bbox_pred = self.bbox_head(bbox_cls_feats, bbox_reg_feats)

        bbox_results = dict(
            cls_score=cls_score,
            bbox_pred=bbox_pred,
            bbox_feats=bbox_cls_feats)
        return bbox_results
```

最终，用户需要把该模块添加到 `mmdet/models/bbox_heads/__init__.py` 和 `mmdet/models/roi_heads/__init__.py` 以使相关的注册表可以找到并加载他们。

或者，用户可以添加：

```python
custom_imports=dict(
    imports=['mmdet.models.roi_heads.double_roi_head', 'mmdet.models.roi_heads.bbox_heads.double_bbox_head'])
```

到配置文件并实现相同的目的。

Double Head R-CNN 的配置文件如下：

```python
_base_ = '../faster_rcnn/faster-rcnn_r50_fpn_1x_coco.py'
model = dict(
    roi_head=dict(
        type='DoubleHeadRoIHead',
        reg_roi_scale_factor=1.3,
        bbox_head=dict(
            _delete_=True,
            type='DoubleConvFCBBoxHead',
            num_convs=4,
            num_fcs=2,
            in_channels=256,
            conv_out_channels=1024,
            fc_out_channels=1024,
            roi_feat_size=7,
            num_classes=80,
            bbox_coder=dict(
                type='DeltaXYWHBBoxCoder',
                target_means=[0., 0., 0., 0.],
                target_stds=[0.1, 0.1, 0.2, 0.2]),
            reg_class_agnostic=False,
            loss_cls=dict(
                type='CrossEntropyLoss', use_sigmoid=False, loss_weight=2.0),
            loss_bbox=dict(type='SmoothL1Loss', beta=1.0, loss_weight=2.0))))

```

从 MMDetection 2.0 版本起，配置系统支持继承配置以使用户可以专注于修改。
Double Head R-CNN 主要使用了一个新的 `DoubleHeadRoIHead` 和一个新的 `DoubleConvFCBBoxHead`，参数需要根据每个模块的 `__init__` 函数来设置。

### 添加新的损失

假设你想添加一个新的损失 `MyLoss` 用于边界框回归。
为了添加一个新的损失函数，用户需要在 `mmdet/models/losses/my_loss.py` 中实现。
装饰器 `weighted_loss` 可以使损失每个部分加权。

```python
import torch
import torch.nn as nn

from mmdet.registry import LOSSES
from .utils import weighted_loss


@weighted_loss
def my_loss(pred, target):
    assert pred.size() == target.size() and target.numel() > 0
    loss = torch.abs(pred - target)
    return loss

@LOSSES.register_module()
class MyLoss(nn.Module):

    def __init__(self, reduction='mean', loss_weight=1.0):
        super(MyLoss, self).__init__()
        self.reduction = reduction
        self.loss_weight = loss_weight

    def forward(self,
                pred,
                target,
                weight=None,
                avg_factor=None,
                reduction_override=None):
        assert reduction_override in (None, 'none', 'mean', 'sum')
        reduction = (
            reduction_override if reduction_override else self.reduction)
        loss_bbox = self.loss_weight * my_loss(
            pred, target, weight, reduction=reduction, avg_factor=avg_factor)
        return loss_bbox
```

然后，用户需要把它加到 `mmdet/models/losses/__init__.py`。

```python
from .my_loss import MyLoss, my_loss
```

或者，你可以添加：

```python
custom_imports=dict(
    imports=['mmdet.models.losses.my_loss'])
```

到配置文件来实现相同的目的。

如使用，请修改 `loss_xxx` 字段。
因为 MyLoss 是用于回归的，你需要在 Head 中修改 `loss_xxx` 字段。

```python
loss_bbox=dict(type='MyLoss', loss_weight=1.0))
```